Pages : 329

Contents :

List of Tables and Figures
Foreword : Joseph S. Nye, Jr.
Acknowledgments
Introduction : Watanabe Yasushi and David L. McConnell

Part I: Perception
1. Anti-Americanism in Japan
Watanabe Yasushi
2. Japan’s Image Problem and the Soft Power Solution: The JET Program as Cultural Diplomacy
David L. McConnell

Part II: Higher Education
3. Higher Education as a Projection of America’s Soft Power
Philip G. Altbach and Patti McGill Peterson
4. Facing Crisis: Soft Power and Japanese Education in a Global Context
Yonezawa Akiyoshi
5. Nurturing Soft Power: The Impact of Japanese–U.S. University Exchanges
Ellen Mashiko and Horie Miki

Part III. Popular Culture
6. The Attractions of the J-Wave for American Youth
Anne Allison
7. Shared Memories: Japanese Pop Culture in China
Nakano Yoshiko
8. Japan’s Creative Industries: Culture as a Source of Soft Power in the Industrial Sector
Sugiura Tsutomu
9. Baseball in U.S.-Japanese Relations: A Vehicle of Soft Power in Historical Perspective
Sayuri Guthrie-Shimizu
10. American Pop Culture as Soft Power: Movies and Broadcasting
Matthew Fraser

Part IV: Public Diplomacy
11. Wielding Soft Power: The Key Stages of Transmission and Reception
Kondo Seiichi
12. Official Soft Power in Practice: U.S. Public Diplomacy in Japan
William G. Crowell
13. Japan Does Soft Power: Strategy and Effectiveness of Its Public Diplomacy in the United States
Agawa Naoyuki

Part V: Civil Society
14. Mr. Madison in the Twenty-first Century: Global Diffusion of the People’s “Right to Know”
Lawrence Repeta
15. Soft Power of NGOs: Growing Influence Beyond National Boundaries
Imata Katsuji and Kuroda Kaori

About the Editors and Contributors
Index

Pages : 369

Contents :

part i Critical Challenges
1 Introduction: Can NGOs Make a Difference? The Challenge of Development Alternatives
Anthony J. Bebbington, Samuel Hickey and Diana C. Mitlin

2 Have NGOs ‘Made a Difference?’ From Manchester to Birmingham with an Elephant in the Room
Michael Edwards

part i i NGO Alternatives under Pressure
3 Challenges to Participation, Citizenship and Democracy:Perverse Confluence and Displacement of Meanings
Evelina Dagnino

4 Learning from Latin America: Recent Trends in European NGO Policymaking
Kees Biekart

5 Whatever Happened to Reciprocity? Implications of Donor Emphasis on ‘Voice’ and ‘Impact’ as Rationales for Working with NGOs in Development
Alan Thomas

6 Development and the New Security Agenda: W(h)ither(ing) NGO Alternatives?
Alan Fowler

part i i i Pursuing Alternatives: NGO Strategies in Practice
7 How Civil Society Organizations Use Evidence to Influence Policy Processes
Amy Pollard and Julius Court

8 Civil Society Participation as the Focus of Northern NGO Support: The Case of Dutch Co-financing Agencies
Irene Guijt

9 Producing Knowledge, Generating Alternatives? Challenges to Research-oriented NGOs in Central America and Mexico
Cynthia Bazán, Nelson Cuellar, Ileana Gómez, Cati Illsley,
Adrian López, Iliana Monterroso, Joaliné Pardo, Jose
Luis Rocha, Pedro Torres and Anthony J. Bebbington

10 Anxieties and Affirmations: NGO–Donor Partnerships for Social Transformation
Mary Racelis

part iv Being Alternative
11 Reinventing International NGOs: A View from the Dutch Co-financing System
Harry Derksen and Pim Verhallen

12 Transforming or Conforming? NGOs Training Health Promoters and the Dominant Paradigm of the Development Industry in Bolivia
Katie S. Bristow

13 Political Entrepreneurs or Development Agents: An Ngo ’s Tale of Resistance and Acquiescence in Madhya Pradesh, India
Vasudha Chhotray

14 Is This Really the End of the Road for Gender Mainstreaming? Getting to Grips with Gender and Institutional Change
Nicholas Piálek

15 The Ambivalent Cosmopolitanism of International NGOs
Helen Yanacopulos and Matt Baillie Smith

16 Development as Reform and Counter-reform: Paths Travelled by Slum/Shack Dwellers International
Joel Bolnick

part v Taking Stock and Thinking Forward
17 Reflections on NGOs and Development: The Elephant, the Dinosaur, Several Tigers but No Owl
David Hulme

Contributors
Index

Contents :

1 States and sovereignty
ALAN JAMES

2 Living in a global world: globalisation and the future of politics
ROLAND AXTMANN AND ROBERT GRANT

3 The contemporary nature of security
ROGER CAREY

4 On the causes of war: a foundation for a future study
HIDEMI SUGANAMI

5 Military intervention and international law
STEVEN HAINES

6 Resource issues
PAUL ROGERS

7 From international organisation to international organisations
ALASDAIR McLEAN

8 The Middle East: arena of competition and conflict
JAMES WYLLIE

9 Russia and the ‘Near Abroad’
GRAEME HERD

10 Europe and European integration
TREVOR C.SALMON

11 Reflections on the study of International Relations
VIVIENNE JABRI

Index

Contents :

1. International theorist
-‘Sage of Sissinghurst’
-The Western diplomatic tradition
-A theorist in his time
-International and political theory

2. Diplomat
-Father and son
-Peacemaking and a new world
-Home and abroad
-Man of letters and MP
-Diplomatic reflection and diaries

3. Liberal realism
-Oxford and the classics
-The classical canon
-A ‘middle course’
-Continuity or departure?

4. International order
-Imperium to dominion
-The elements of foreign policy
-National character and prestige
-The balance of power
-Nation-states and the international idea
-Principle and practice

5. Diplomacy
-‘Theory’ and ‘shape’
-The ideal diplomat
-Tribal times to golden age
-Old and new forms

Contents :

I.1. Existing Literature on Mercenaries
I.2. Outline of the Argument

1. Norms, Their Influence, and How They Can be Studied
1.1. What Is a Norm?
1.2. The Relationship between Norms and the Related Concepts of
Law, Morality, and Interests
1.3. The Influence of Norms on Politics
1.4. Narrative Methodology
1.5. The Challenges of Dealing with Norms
1.6. Conclusion

2. The Definition of a Mercenary and the Definition of the Proscriptive Norm
2.1. Definitions and Revelations:What Makes Mercenaries Different?
2.2. A Different Definition
2.3. The Spectrum of Private Violence
2.4. How the Definition Indicates the Proscriptive Norm
3. The Origins of the Norm against Mercenary Use, 1100–1600
3.1. Attachment to a Cause
3.2. The Need to Control Mercenary Forces
3.3. Conclusion: Revelations

4. Competing Explanations for the Nineteenth-Century Shift Away
from Mercenary Use
4.1. Materialist or Realist Explanations of the Shift Away from
Mercenary Use
4.2. Avant: Domestic Politics, Path Dependency, and the
Transition From a Mercenary to a Civilian Army
4.3. Thomson: Ideas Can Explain the Shift Away from
Mercenary Use
4.4. A Common Problem:Why Did States Prefer Citizen Armies, andWhyWere TheyWilling to Take a Leap of Faith to Adopt Them?

5. How Citizens Became the Standard: A Normative Explanation
of the Shift Away from Mercenary Use
5.1. America
5.2. France
5.3. Prussia
5.4. Britain
5.5. Conclusion

6. The Norm against Mercenary Use and International Law
6.1. Strong Norms Do Not Lead to the Creation of Strong Law:
How the Law’sWeaknesses Are Explained by the Anti-Mercenary Norm 1
6.2. The Heightened African Interest in Law Demonstrates that the
NormWas Not Universal
6.3. The Proscriptive Norm against Mercenary Use Is Most
Challenged by Other Norms
6.4. Conclusion: The Significance of the Norm against Mercenary
Use in International Law

7. New Model Mercenaries: PMCs, PSCs, and the Anti-Mercenary
Norm
7.1. The Anti-Mercenary Norm in the 1990s: PMCs
7.2. Private Force and the Shift Away from Combat Operations
7.3. The Anti-Mercenary Norm and its Influence on the Provision
of Private Force Today
7.4. The Future of the Anti-Mercenary Norm
7.5. Conclusion
Conclusion

Appendix 1: Definition of a Mercenary from the International
Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and
Training of Mercenaries
References
Index

Contents :

1 The Centre of a Pre-Copernican Universe: A Very Short History
of Cyprus
2 The Road to Disaster: Makarios and the Junta
3 Coup d’état in Nicosia: The First 48 Hours
- The Evacuation of Makarios
- Contingency Plans and Delaying Tactics
4 Joint Intervention?
- Kissinger’s ‘pet idea’ – The Clerides Solution
- Downing Street Meeting, 17 July 1974
5 ‘Promoting a solution which will be in US interests’, 18 July 1974
6 Sisco in Athens and Ankara: Kissinger’s Failure to Restrain the
Turks, 19 July 1974
- Makarios at the Security Council
- NATO’s Attitude toward the Crisis
7 ‘A new ballgame’: Turkey’s First Military Operation
8 The First Two ‘Ceasefires’, 21 and 22 July 1974: The Road to
the First Geneva Conference
- The Sinking of the Kocatepe
- Anglo-Turkish Confrontation at Kyrenia, 22 – 23 July 1974
9 ‘A net gain for the West’: Political Implications of the Turkish
Military Operation
10 Further Anglo-Turkish Confrontation, 23–26 July 1974
- Confrontation at Nicosia Airport
11 Blockade of Northern Cyprus? The First Major Anglo-
American Rift
12 The Danger for Turkish Cypriot Communities
13 First Geneva Conference, 25–30 July 1974
- The Eviction of the UN from Kyrenia – Britain Considers Military
Intervention
- The Final Phase at Geneva
14 Between the Talks, 1–12 August 1974 1
15 Second Geneva Conference, 8–13 August 1974
- The Kissinger Solution – Cantonal Proposal
- ‘There is no American reason why the Turks should not have one-third of Cyprus’ – Final US Efforts to Save the Conference
- The Final Showdown
16 Stopping the Turks? Final Debates on British/UNFICYP
Military Intervention and a Greek Convoy
17 War, 14–16 August 1974
Confrontation at Ayios Nikolaos, 15 August 1974 – The Last
Possible Anglo-Turkish Showdown or the ‘Trigger-Happy’
- Commander
- Diplomatic Activities
- The Final Day, 16 August 1974
18 Big and Little Lies: Conspiracy Theories Gain Ground Anglo-Turkish Collusion or Anglo-Greek Collusion?
– The Evacuation of Officers from the British Bases
- ‘If these attitudes continue we will wash our hands of the whole thing’
- The Death of Roger Davies
19 Permitting Racial Separation: Attempts at Post-Crisis Management
- A Present for Secretary Kissinger – Greek-Cypriot Territory as a
Bargaining Chip
- ‘A hard character with not much charity in his soul’ – A Change in
Turkish Attitude
- Tyler’s Mission to Athens – No Chance for a Solution
20 Refugees and War Crimes
- Refugees on the British Bases
- Population Exchange
- Exchange of Prisoners
- Missing Persons – and other War Crimes
21 Beyond the Crisis: Cyprus from Cold War to Annan
Conclusion ‘There is no nation of maniacs I don’t get involved in’:
- Henry Kissinger’s Idiosyncratic Methods of Working

Annexes
Notes
Bibliography
Index